Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2004) - Gibraltar (2005)

Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2004) z Gibraltar (2005)

	Holy See (Vatican City) (2004)	Gibraltar (2005)

Administrative divisions	none	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 17.8% (male 2,529/female 2,426) 15-64 years: 66% (male 9,442/female 8,970) 65 years and over: 16.2% (male 2,008/female 2,509) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	none
Airports	none (2003 est.)	1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 0.44 sq km land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 6.5 sq km land: 6.5 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, international development, the Middle East, terrorism, the failing health of Pope JOHN PAUL II, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith.	Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency.
Birth rate	-	10.87 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $245.2 million expenditures: $260.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2002)	revenues: $307 million expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY00/01 est.)
Capital	Vatican City	Gibraltar
Climate	temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)	Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	12 km
Constitution	new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)	30 May 1969
Country name	conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gibraltar
Currency	euro (EUR)	-
Death rate	-	9.18 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	-	$NA (2000 est.)
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00153 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box 66, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428 FAX: [39] (06) 575-8346	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Gabriel MONTALVO chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 FAX: [1] (202) 337-4036	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	none	in 2003, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to remain a British colony and against a "total shared sovereignty" arrangement while demanding participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar even greater autonomy
Economic aid - recipient	none	$NA
Economy - overview	This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by an annual contribution from Roman Catholic dioceses throughout the world, as well as by special collections (known as Peter's Pence); the sale of postage stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos; fees for admission to museums; and the sale of publications. Investments and real estate income also account for a sizable portion of revenue. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.	Self-sufficient Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	96.76 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	NA kWh	104 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: unnamed location 19 m highest point: unnamed location 75 m	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
Environment - current issues	NA	limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant
Environment - international agreements	party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification	-
Ethnic groups	Italians, Swiss, other	Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, German, North Africans
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003),1.1324 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)	Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000) note: the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978) head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 1 December 1990) cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis RICHARDS (since 27 May 2003) head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Exports	0 kWh	NA
Exports - commodities	-	(principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%
Exports - partners	-	France 19.4%, Spain 14.1%, Turkmenistan 12.1%, Switzerland 11.7%, Germany 10.1%, UK 9.1%, Greece 6.8% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band	two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $27,900 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	NA%
Geographic coordinates	41 54 N, 12 27 E	36 8 N, 5 21 W
Geography - note	urban; landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights	strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Highways	none; all city streets	total: 29 km paved: 29 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy	NA
Imports - commodities	-	fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
Imports - partners	-	Spain 19.9%, Russia 18.4%, UK 10.8%, Italy 8.8%, Germany 7.5%, US 5.1%, Sweden 4.7%, France 4.2% (2004)
Independence	11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps, a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities	tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 5.13 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.71 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	1.5% (1998)
International organization participation	CE (observer), IAEA, ICFTU, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WIPO, WToO (observer), WTrO (observer)	Interpol (subbureau), UPU
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pius XII on 1 May 1946	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force	NA	14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (1999)
Labor force - by occupation	essentially services with a small amount of industry; note - dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican	agriculture negligible, industry 40%, services 60%
Land boundaries	total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km	total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Languages	Italian, Latin, French, various other languages	English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Legal system	based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it	English law
Legislative branch	unicameral Pontifical Commission	unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later than February 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 79.67 years male: 76.8 years female: 82.7 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 100% male: NA female: NA	definition: NA total population: above 80% male: NA% female: NA%
Location	Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)	Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Map references	Europe	Europe
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	territorial sea: 3 nm
Merchant marine	-	total: 161 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 980,636 GRT/1,254,661 DWT by type: barge carrier 3, bulk carrier 2, cargo 96, chemical tanker 21, container 22, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 11, roll on/roll off 2 foreign-owned: 142 (Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, Finland 1, France 1, Germany 105, Greece 12, Iceland 1, Ireland 1, Italy 1, Latvia 1, Norway 8, Sweden 2, Switzerland 1, Taiwan 1, United Kingdom 3, United States 2) (2005)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City to provide security and protect the Pope	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the last British regular infantry forces left Gibraltar in 1992, replaced by the Royal Gibraltar Regiment
Military branches	Swiss Guards Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera)	Royal Gibraltar Regiment
National holiday	Coronation Day of Pope JOHN PAUL II, 22 October (1978)	National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain
Nationality	noun: none adjective: none	noun: Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar
Natural hazards	NA	NA
Natural resources	none	none
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none	Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)	Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association
Population	921 (July 2004 est.)	27,884 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	NA%
Population growth rate	0.01% (2004 est.)	0.17% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	Gibraltar
Radio broadcast stations	AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 2 (1998)	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Roman Catholic	Roman Catholic 78.1%, Church of England 7%, other Christian 3.2%, Muslim 4%, Jewish 2.1%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 0.9%, none 2.9% (2001 census)
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	limited to cardinals less than 80 years old	18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more
Telephone system	general assessment: automatic exchange domestic: tied into Italian system international: country code - 39; uses Italian system	general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities domestic: automatic exchange facilities international: country code - 350; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	24,512 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	9,797 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1996)	1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	low hill	a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Total fertility rate	-	1.65 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	2% (2001 est.)

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